Yes, but depends on what you want to do exactly.
You probably can’t do firmware dumps with serial alone.
But the Raspberry and the ESP both have SPI and I²C Ports allowing you to interface with the most common flash chips.
You can probably find complete code samples on github
I personally never managed to make it work through an Arduino or esp … (I suck at programming )
To program the chip I would recommend the proper programmer, it with have the proper ide and binary generator.
For communication, a serial to USB adapter is $5-10 on Amazon, can’t make it any easier.
To dump firmware you’ll probably need a dedicated firmware extractor. I’m looking at getting one, I can share a few findings if you’re interested.
You can get the cheaper ones, but I like the slight fancier version below because you can change the voltage.
Please note I have affiliation with any of those, they are the first ones to pop up on Amazon when I typed “UART adapter” I have the “fancy” one and like it, never used the other one …
Couldn’t find much details on the internals of it with a quick search.
Might be worth popping one open and look what chips are inside.
Then find datasheets for them and look which programmers/adapters you need for them.
But you probably have to hope that the firmware is not stored on the µC with read protection.
Alternatively, try to find out how they validate the strips and attack that on a hardware-level
I suggest looking into flashrom if you want to extract the firmware from spi flash chips but you’ll need special hardware for it. And get a cheap serial board like XEMON said.